The Importance Of Dual Use Research Of Concern - 1170 Words

MEMORANDUM To : Samuel L. Stanley, M.D., Chairman National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB) From : Cordelia Chee, Policy Analyst Re : Increased researcher accountability and self-governance to complement DURC policies for more effective biosecurity Date : 10 December 2014 Objectives Dual-use research of concern (DURC) has the potential to provide solutions to diseases or abused to the detriment of public health and safety. The 2001 Anthrax attacks had adversely affected the U.S. economy, costing taxpayers $27 million , even if the effects to public health and national security were not as effective in comparison to weapons of mass destruction. The current DURC policy has several limitations in providing oversight due to its applicability only to institutions that receive federal funding and a defined list of agents, toxins and experiment categories. The policy burdens Institutional Review Entities (IRE) by placing on them the added responsibility for review and mitigation of DURC that is already performed by federal agencies. These added oversights could stifle potentially beneficial DURC projects. The following two policy alternatives are proposed to address gaps in the current policy: 1. Increased researcher accountability and self-governance. 2. Expand federal and institutional governance to include Gain of Function (GOF) research and other risky pathogens. Increased researcher accountability and self-governance is recommended in tandem withShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Concerns Of Psychotherapy1229 Words   |  5 Pages The Research of Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is an interactive process between two individuals or more for the purpose of the improvement or the relief of the suffer of the person from compulsion, troublesome behavior, depression, etc. The process has to be done by using the therapeutic methods which logically relevant to the case under the regulations by laws and the profession. The therapist required for psychotherapy is proficient in both the theories of formation of personality and the techniquesRead MoreUsing Evidence Based Literature Promote Positive Behavior Among Dual Diagnosis Service Users801 Words   |  4 Pagesbe offered. Research Approach This study applies an array of evidence based literature to promote positive behaviour amongst dual diagnosis service users. 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There were several other changes made to the code that addressed or expanded on issues such as, preventing counselors from imposing their values on their clients, distance counseling, confidentiality, diversity and multiculturalism, dual relationships, technology usage, recordkeeping, diagnosis, end-of life care plansRead MoreEthical: Ethics and American Counseling Association Essay1287 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Dual Relationship Boundaries, Standards of Care and Termination Liberty University Abstract A paper discussing the ethical issues from a video that discuss cases that are regarding barter, boundaries crossing and violation, touching, receiving and giving gifts, and termination of care. The ACA code of Ethics and Michigan States Rules and Regulation for Professional Counselors on the ethical issues of barter, boundaries crossing and violation, touching, receiving andRead MoreMarketing And Product Mix For Snapple1152 Words   |  5 Pagesprice. The Snapple image and label is another topic that the task force will negotiate. Lastly, the task force must determine if they want to change the drink formula or comply with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Specifically, as the VP of Research and Development, some of the primary issues include adding four new fruit flavors and four new teas every season, creating an image of excellence and innovation, and promoting the fact that the drinks are made of natural ingredients. FurthermoreRead MoreBoundaries Violation Dual Relation ships Essay1443 Words   |  6 PagesPORCHÉ FINAL EXAM Case I Boundaries Violation Dual Relationships Boundary violation occurs when a client has developed a dependent relationship with the therapist and therapist will not refer out, which means that the therapist has loyalty to do no harm upon clients (Welfel, 2013/2010). Undue influence (Conflictual dual relationships) according the Colorado Association of Psychotherapist (2013): Therapist shall not enter into a therapeutic relationship with a client where there is undue influence

Different Types Of Abuse And The Elderly Population

Different Types of Abuse in the Elderly Population The aging population in the United State is at risk for not only chronic health problems, but abuse including, physical, sexual, psychological/emotional, and/or financial. With the increase number of elders being seen by healthcare professionals it is important to know what suspicions to look for, to report accurately and appropriately. Financial Abuse Financial elder abuse â€Å"is the unauthorized or improper use of the elder’s resources for monetary or personal benefit, profit, or gain such as forgery, theft, or improper use of guardianship or power of attorney† (Jarvis, 2016, p.104). Financial abuse has been described as not only stealing money or possessions, but also coarsening someone into signing papers or checks. According to Peterson et al. (2014), the most common person to take advantage financially of elderly person is a family member. It may not come as a surprise but older adults hindered with disabilities have a higher instance of financial abuse (Peterson et al., 2014). Disabilities can include impairment with ADL’s and/or dementia, but most commonly an older adult who has to rely on others for daily activities. Older adults fear their caregiver will not provide care if they don’t give them want they want/need. Negative effects of financial abuse include the loss of money or property but failure to taken medications, high blood pressure, depression, and homelessness. Sexual Abuse ElderShow MoreRelatedIntroduction . There Are Several Different Types Of Crimes1620 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction There are several different types of crimes committed against the elderly. A person is usually defined as elderly when he or she turns sixty-five or retires. The elderly population makes up a significant part of the United States population. Also, the population is expanding as the baby boomer generation began to retire. 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Financial abuse was theRead MoreThe Growing Trend Of Elder Abuse Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pageselder abuse Elder abuse also known as elder mistreatment has been around for many, many years but is now just coming to the forefront and being acknowledged by the society on a whole. intentional actions that cause harm or create a serious risk of harm, whether or not intended, to a vulnerable elder by a caregiver or other person who stands in a trust relationship to the elder or (b) failure by a caregiver to satisfy the elder’s basic needs or to protect the elder from harm† (p. 39).This abuse canRead MoreThe Treatment Of Elderly Abuse1520 Words   |  7 PagesTreatment of Elderly abuse The types of treatment available to the victims of abuse will vary depending on each individual situation and type of abuse received; some of the most common forms of abuse come in the form of verbal and mental abuse. 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Ici Dulux Case Study free essay sample

ICI believes that ICI Dulux Paints pakistan strengths include its well-established brands and the global nature of the business which allow ICI Paints to use its resources, expertise and experience to offer the best solution for each local market and the needs of the end users. Great presence in places that the brand is better recognized. ici dulux comes in category of decorative paint market. The decorative paint market can be divided into two broad categories interior and exterior. The interior market as the name suggests refers to the paints being used for indoor decorations. Similarly the exterior market corresponds to the paints being used to decorate the outdoors. The exterior market of paints in Pakistan is of 7 Million Liters. ICI dominates the market share with 4. 2 Million Liters with its Weathershield. Million ICI Dulux has maintained an image of being the most expensive in the category along with providing the best quality among its competitors. ICI has been a 60% market share with its major competitor being Berger. Berger has a 20% market share followed by a 20% share by smaller brands which include Berger, Blackhorse, Silversand, Master, Nippon, Gobi, Hapilac etc. With the help of a lot of promotional activities for its dealers as well as consumers, it has earned a great amount of goodwill over the years. While its competitors concentrate more on variety and mass production and a lot of other different strategies, the company is essentially a quality centric company. ICI DULUX Company is having More than 80 years of experience in the paints industry, offering Wider range of products and Wider dealer network as compared to its competitors. Business volume of ICI Dulux is very high as compared to the competitors and it Focuses on safety, security, health and environment as a corporate social responsibility. ICI DULUX TARGET MARKET: * To target at Decorator firms: Decorator firms decorate interior and exterior structure of large number of offices, buildings, schools, etc. In modern days every entity wants itself to be well decorated and look up to date. A decorator firm comprises of an interior designers who play a pivotal role in selection of a product to be used. These products include paints with good quality, extensive range and varied effects. Moreover, there is an extensive range of 52 two-tone colour ways available on the Dulux tinting system. This could influence the customers of the identified markets by providing them with varied alternatives, especially when it comes to interior decoration and designing in which colour paints hold a prime and significant place. Since Dulux has an extensive range of varied products, so to target them would lead to good sales. * To target at Trade Market: Traders have a firm position in the market; the trade market is a chain that is constituted of super stockists, dealers, wholesalers, and retailers. A super stockist is a small organisation where company keeps their stock to pass it on to the next steps of the market viz dealers wholesalers retailers to end users. A Marketing Manager should aim and target the products to this organisation as the super stockist holds a strong position in the market. Super stockist has a wide range of customer base as he delivers the products other mentioned trade unit s. The market can be achieved by incurring time and money in promotion of products. * To target Construction Firms: Construction firms have a massive business all around. The builders construct large number of buildings for example, schools, collages, hospitals, offices, call centres, etc. The major construction firms usually undertake big construction projects. Their prime concern is timely receiveal of deliveries which they can be assured by Dulux. This can be an excellent source of sales as these firms are always in need of good furnishing and special coloured affect products and that too in a bulk to create their own reputation in the market. These firms are targeted to yield good returns and flourishment is expected. Architects:- they are much quality oriented ,their purchase decision does not depend on the price and the cost analysis so ICI Dulux can target this segment for the high range products ,which a common man cannot purchase ,architects can help in increase in sales of the company and profits. Challenge: In 1973, ICI launched its Weathershield technology in UK. The Weathershield technology reached Pakistan in 1984. but after this , Dulux has not done any innovation for a long time till 2005. In 2005 ICI Paints appointed its first chief marketing officer (CMO). Until then the organisation had been run as a multi-local organisation, with each of the 50 countries including pakistan determining its own marketing strategy. There were examples of local success but performance was patchy, the company struggled to leverage good ideas and, more importantly, growth was slowing. The task for the CMO was twofold: improve the performance of the marketing organisation and create competitive advantage from global scale. Its major competitors were local or regional players, so global reach and scale set the company apart. However, its multi-local operating model was limiting its ability to realise this advantage. A pivotal question the company asked itself was whether it could win against its competitors through simply building local capability and leveraging best practice. Or was there actually an opportunity to create advantage through building a brand image and brand awareness? Because The Dulux name was present in many markets but it was far from being a global brand. Being one of the oldest and the globally trusted brand it has not changed with time. This change which is very cardinal for every company to grow over the years is non existent in Dullux. Dulux has not launched variants and did not plan on it as well. They believed in providing quality and not variety with mediocre quality. the brand has become just a traditional brand. In fact The product is always successful because of its awareness among the customers. Despite of holding a strong position in the market Dulux Paint has not been able to aware the customers fully about the three new products. The knowledge among consumers is very less resulting in uncertainty of the product among them. This is a result of less promotional schemes. There is a high degree of uncertainty about the Dulux paints new products in Market because a large market share was catured by competitors. Among the many challenges to cope with competition there is one more which is the most important one for the brand, it is keeping brand awareness at optimum levels at all times. Long term and short term goals have to be set for the brand and strategy is of utmost importance here. Dulux there needs to be equilibrium of creating awareness even in the areas which have never tapped before. The challenge here now is to tap the niche market in a way which has never been before and to create a new category inside the existing so that an automatic niche is created. Being the first in a category gives an automatic brand standing in the eyes of the consumer. The one important thing to look at here is that the strategic advertising opportunities were not really explores well enough. The awareness of the brand has almost diminished in places where it was already low. There is no brand recognition in most rural areas what so ever. The brand is far from being recognized a paints manufacturer, it has lost its identity in most developing urban areas as well. There is no brand presence of Dulux paints in the economy brands because of which when middle class consumers opted for better quality and premium emulsions they did not consider Dulux, instead, they stuck to the same brand they knew very well. When it comes to media planning and placements, ICI Dulux has been far behind the requirements of the band wagon of pacting. The only thing because of which the brand loses out on popularity is that, consumers nowadays think that if a brand is out of sight it is out of function and so they tend to deviate from it. QUESTIONS: * What are the opportunities to create advantage through building a brand image and brand equity? * What are the factors which are influencing its demand and what will be your target market to capture 80% market share in Pakistan paint industry? * Who are the competitors and how they are threat for ICI dulux? * What are the marketing strategies they must be used to create awareness and reposition the brand? What are the recommendations you can give for this case study? Opportunities: * Dulux Paints has undoubtly a large market available viz builders, merchants, and retailers, that needs to be looked upon. * There is an increased demand of broken colour effects among consumers, hereby creating an opportunity to target them by implementing high promotional schemes. * There is an increase in the technology of painting that can be a boon for Dulux in long run. FACTORS INFLUENCING DEMAND: ICI Weathershield being a premier paint targets mainly the urban areas of Pakistan. It focuses primarily on households. Unlike the usual products where the decision-maker is the final consumer, painters and contractors also have the ability to influence the decision making process. Factors influencing the level of demand; * The housing industry in the largest industry of Pakistan. Pakistan is one of the 20 countries of the world where Real Estate business is on the top of the list. So the housing boom will add fuel to the demand level of paints. * These include the continued migration of rural consumers to urban areas in search of work and an improved standard of living. This improving quality of life will increase in level of demand for the product. * The number of Pakistanis returning to the country having worked abroad will also fuel growth, as these consumers bring with them knowledge of the products available in the west, as well as general lifestyle trends to which they have accustomed. * Rising inflation can cause decrease in the purchasing power of the people ICI Dulux Weathershield Vs Their Competitors: ICI Weathershield dictates prices in the exterior market. All the competitors including the smaller players follow the same pricing strategies. The Biggest competitor of ICI Paints is Berger Robilac; it is local company which is being run by the Big Investors in Pakistan. The price of ICI Weathershield is 5% more than that of Berger’s Weathercoat. Berger has still to come-up with a product to compete with the new Weathershield Fresh which comes with an added feature to repel dust. The new ICI Weathershield is also available in a lot more colors than any other exterior paint in the market. Thus Berger is lagging behind in its product development strategies. We can infer from this matrix that Burger Paints lags behind ICI in marketing and customer satisfaction. Berger| Dulux| Critical success factors | Rating| Rating| Market share | 3| 4| Product range | 4| 3| Customer satisfaction | 2| 3| Quality | 4| 4| Brand franchise| 3| 3| Relative cost | 2| 2| New product activity | 3| 3| Advertising | 1| 3| Sale Of Fake Paint: All personnel interviewed expressed their firm opinion that at least 20% of the paint sold in the local market is â€Å"fake paint† sold under popular brand names. Since ICI Weathershield is the most popular brand for the exterior paint, the percentage of fake paint sold under its brand name is even higher. Although ICI dulux Paints has a large number of authorized dealers and most of these dealers are loyal to the company, however the general public was not completely aware of how to differentiate the genuine dealers. Also some of these authorized dealers are not quite as loyal and ICI Paints has occasionally received complaints in this regard, which ici dulux have dealt with increasing the incentives of dealers. In addition the ICI paint products including the Weathershield is also being sold by other shopkeepers who are not authorized dealers. Paint purchased through these shops has even lower credibility. so ici dulux established their own Point of Sale Tinting and its own Model Shops. ICI Weathershield is supplied in metal containers, which are not sealed in any foolproof fashion. REPOSITIONING Positioning by product attributes and benefits: ICI Dulux Paints have a differentiated identity in the market as they are better and beneficial in comparison to parity products and traditional paints. All these factors can be highlighted catering the market with the help of promotional schemes. This will not only highlight the key qualities of brand but, will also lead to mass awareness in costumers and clarify the essence of Dulux Brands in a unique the most popular brands are; Weathershield Sun Reflect: Innovation has been the key driver behind the success of Dulux in creating the brands and initiative for sustainability. Dulux SunReflect was launched in March 2011. This latest launch, ICI Dulux Weathershield Sun Reflect is a revolutionary exterior paint that reduces the temperature of walls by up to five degrees! Regular emulsions absorb the heat-causing infra red rays of the sun, causing the inside of the house to heat up. Dulux Weathershield on the other hand, created using SunReflect technology, has higher Solar Reflective Index (SRI)-the ability to reflect the heat-causing IR rays. Because of this technology ,Weathershield can reflect IR rays significantly more as compared to regular exterior paints. With the SunReflect technology, the interior will be considerably cooler, and that can actually lead to significant power savings on air conditioning. So not only does it keep homes cooler, it reduces energy consumption with considerable savings on air conditioning. For us, innovation begins with great insight into our customers’ needs and with Pakistan facing its worst energy crisis ever. 1. ICI Dulux Woodcare Shades 2. Dulux Super Gloss finish Enamel 3. Dulux Metallic Finish Enamel 4. Dulux Matt Finish Enamel 5. Dulux Synthetic Enamel Fan Finish White 6. Dulux Pentalite Special Plastic Emulsion (Acrylic Based): Now a days the Television commercial of the ICI Dulux plastic emulsion can be watched which emphasizes the 6134 shades it has. 7. Dulux Pentalite Natural White Special Plastic Emulsion with Added Fragrance (Acrylic Based) 8. Dulux Contractor? s Plastic Emulsion . Dulux Weather Shield (Acrylic Based) 10. Dulux Prime-on 11. Dulux Water Repellent 12. Dulux Once: It is a new breakthrough in paint technology as it completes the job in just one coat. This special emulsion saves time has a high coverage and therefore is highly economical. Coverage: 7-8 m2 /ltr/coat (once is enough) 13. Dulux Synthetic Clear Varnish 14. Dulux Red Oxide A nti Corrosion Metal Primer 15. Dulux Aluminum Paint Dual Pack 16. Dulux Weathersheild Fresh was launched with the features of Fungus guard, Color lock and Dirt Guard. Oil base paint which has no smell; is odourless or has fragrance. It is available in Dulux Matt Enamel, Dulux Enamel and Dulux Pentalite Classic. It would be an achievement to have the same quality available in ICI Weathershield. Positioning by price: ICI Dulux is having† price premium strategy†. because price is an indicator of quality. ICI Dulux can offer relevant schemes of negotiation and has also been able to meet with new trends emerging in the market. ICI is acquainted with flexible product as it has an extensive range of 52 two-ton colour paints. Consumers can be offered any colour scheme according to their needs and on reliable prices in comparison to the competitors POSITIONING BY POPULAR COMPAIGNS Dulux weathershield and enhancing attributes which are known but never emphasized on would be a good positioning turn for the brand. after lets colour project ,dulux has captured 70-80%share in paint market. and the sales of each brand increased through outstanding communication strategy from 2008 till 2012 , â€Å"Lets Colour’ Compaign The mission was to spread colour all over the world – a bold and immense task. ‘Lets Colour’ was launched as an initiative to makeover targeted drab looking buildings with the help of local communities. By launching a campaign,   Dulux hoped it would inspire audiences to regenerate anything – big or small, inside or out, with colour paint. To get local communities interested in taking part, momentum was built around a social media campaign. The project started with the launch of a ‘Lets Colour’ project blog – with blogs being the channel that the brand saw as the most open and direct way to start sharing its project with the public. Ici dulux started this compaign to increase the awareness in people mind so that they can build the brand equity. they held different events and increase the customer brand resonanance. he events include in this project are: IAPEX 2011 â€Å"Building Materials Exhibition†: ICI Dlux sponsored the â€Å"Building Materials Exhibition† held at the Expo Centre Karachi in May 2011. The event was organized by the Institute of Architects Pakistan (IAP) to provide one-stop solutions for homeowners, builders and  interi or designers on the latest products, ideas and emerging architectural techniques in the field of building and construction. The event attracted 250 architects from all over Pakistan, 400 architectural students from various universities and around 10,000 general visitors. IAPEX Karachi 2012: Institute of Architects Pakistan, Karachi Chapter organized its seventh international exhibition of building products in which more than 100 exhibitors displayed their stalls. The ICI Dulux stall won the 1st prize at IAPEX Karachi 2012. * CSR Activities * Lets Colour Mayo Hospital: On 9th April, volunteers from ICI Dulux along with students from National College of Arts and employees from BF Bioscienes enthusiastically participated to add a splash of colour to the cancer ward at Mayo Hospital * PIID Road Show Lahore 2011 * PIID Road Show Karachi 2011 Own a Color * Lets Colour Layton Rehmatulla Benevolent Trust * ICI Dulux Stall wins at IAPEX 2012 * Transition Event held at ICI Paints Business * L et’s Color Week: Color Week was about celebrating the transformative power of color and how it can improve lives around us. Running from October 10 to 14, the â€Å"Let’s Color Week† helped employees worldwide discover what they know about color and how they can bring to life the shared ambition of â€Å"Adding color to people’s lives. † The purpose of Color Week was to enable employees to experience color, joy, engagement and a sense of community. There were workshops, contest, e-learning modules, on-ground activities, workspace painting, community painting and many more interested activities to spread the color around. Content was uploaded in real time to the blog and to You Tube, Twitter, Facebook and Orkut. The content was quickly picked up upon by other blogs and online newspapers all over the pakistan, building momentum ahead of the city visits. â€Å"Colour to people’s lives† project in pakistan: The universal insight that had been uncovered for Dulux was that ‘Our surroundings have a powerful influence on how we think, feel and live. We feel good when they reflect who we are and who we want to be. Dulux’s role is to inspire and help people to create beautiful homes and communities through colour. We believe that in doing so we can lift spirits and bring people together. In fact, we sell ‘tins of optimism’ not just tins of paint’. This was articulated through the brand idea of ‘adding colour to people’s lives’. The South East Asia marketing team was immediately inspired by this idea and created a cross- market campaign for Dulux Weathershield that focused on how Dulux transformed a community from a world of grey to a vibrant and colourful community filled with joy. This more emotional approach (backed up by a clear product functionality) proved to be much more effective than the previous campaigns, yielding above average cut-through and persuasion and was seen as new, credible, relevant and unique. Tex Gunning (Managing Director, Decorative Paints at AkzoNobel) announced Pakistan as the global winner of the Most Colorful Workspace Contest and commended Pakistan saying â€Å"Pakistan has done a stunning job of celebrating colors†. ICI Dulux Thematic Campaign A Theme for Every Dream 2011: This campaign centered on the tagline ‘A Theme for Every Dream’, and reinforced the ICI Dulux brand personality as the leading innovative one-stop shop decorative solution provider in Pakistan. The campaign subtly introduced AkzoNobel as the new parent company and highlighted ICI Dulux groundbreaking services such as Customer contact center (0800-Dulux), color consultancy/interior decoration advice service and color studios. All communication platforms including television, radio, newspapers,internet and outdoor exemplified an assortment of colorful themes nationwide. POSITIONING BY COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES: As ICI Dulux has a diversified market it has to use a number of promotional Tools. ADVERTISEMENT Television Advertisement 1. It is a very expensive tool of promotion but it is worth it. ICI Dulux though still advertises through Television commercials but it has reduced its intensity. They just use it to create awareness among their target market about a certain product   and try to highlight its main selling features. Dulux used the famous TV channels like GEO TV, Hum TV, and PTv. In Karachi and Lahore, hower they also used the local cable television’s to launch their advertisement. Now a days the Television commercial of the ICI Dulux plastic emulsion can be watched which emphasizes the 6134 shades it has. Radio Advertisement It is a relatively cheaper source of advertisement and due to the channel FM 100, the number of listeners has increased. Therefore Dulux finds it effective to communicate with its customers through radio. Print Advertisement Besides the heavy investment in electronic media they also give stress on the print media as well. A substantial pairt of Dulux’s total promotional expenditure goes under this head. ICI has used the flyers to distribute through local agents to different leaders. The dealers distributed the flyers to different people. Approximately all the good and standard magazines carry the advertisement of ICI Dulux. They also used the newspapers like Jhang, Khabain and Dawn for promoting their brand. They spend 35% of its total media budget at print media. The stylish decorative signs in newspapers also they used teasers ad in newspapers to increase the curiosity and awareness among the customers. Point Of Purchase Advertisement Many colour cards, brochures and other informative material is available at dealers shop along with the product itself in attractive cans. The dealers display contest is another kinds of advertisement. New dealers are registered where intensive contraction is being done. Point of Sale Tinting (POST); ICI Dulux Point of Sale Tinting (POST) offers over 2000 shades available all over Pakistan at designated dealer outlets. Colour consistency and quality is our forte and our customers can be confident that the colour they bring home is exactly what they paid for. ICI Dulux Model Shops: . Masses are becoming conscious of latest trends and are taking greater interest into nitty-gritty of the lifestyle. ICI Dulux Model Shops will act as a one stop solution for our customers where they can have access to all the products amp; services including Point of Sale Tinting (POST) ,paint calculator and paint selector through computer. Wide range of colors to choose from. ICI Weathershield is available in 6,134 shades as opposed to Berger’s Weathercoat which only comes in 12 basic shades. Some of the shades of Weathershield are shown. These shops are also selling uniqe machines like ICI Dulux POST Mixer and ICI Dulux POST dispenser. ICI Dulux POST Mixer ICI Dulux POST dispenser ICI Dulux Colour Studio Lahore Hyperstar After the great success of our colour studios in Karachi and Islamabad, ICI Dulux Colour solution center was launched at Hyperstar Lahore. The studio is at par with international standards and is equipped to provide complete interior decoration solution and superior shopping experience. The state of the art facility provides a complete one stop solution to all customer needs including: * Free Colour consultancy * Interior and exterior decoration advice through â€Å"colour selector touch screen technology† * Technical assistance Product information * Product Complaint * Paint estimation * Paint Previews * Dealer Guide Out Door Advertisement People are exposed to outdoor advertising and almost 40% said that mostly while driving they get sight at billboards, road signs, banners and road screens or new strips. Almost 20% people are exposed to outdoor advertising, when they. One at signals and around 15% people notice them when they are on walk. Bill boards: Bill boards were also been used to promote the product. These sign boards and bill boards’ dectronic were equipped with light facility for night viewing as well. That gave travlers to look at them and create attention. Special billboards were placed in Kashmir valley after earth quack for promoting their brand. Our projected billboards would be as follow. Lahore Laxmi chown, Muslim town main Karachi Main Tariq road difton chowk-chandigarh. INTERNET At internet dulux developed its website that will help people to communicate with the people because in Pakistan internet growth is increasing a more people are moving towards it. ICI is 200000 on internets to spending create awareness in people. Painting Problems: Causes amp; Solutions Ici dulux has increaseed customers awareness of typical painting problems and develop their ability to understand the causes and offer solutions for how they can be rectified. all solutions are available on ici dulux website. dealers also help and give advices to their customers. this service has solved mainly the problems of customers working in fine arts and fashion industry as well as painters. Three Factors In general a paint fault can be caused by one, or a combination of, three factors: 1. The decorator/painter. 2. The area or substrate (surface) painted. 3. The paint. Painting Problems: * Low Opacity * Brush mark and Poor Finish * Chalking * Peeling/Flaking * Cracking/Flaking * Lapping * Uneven or Patchy Appearance * Poor Smudge Resistance amp; Washability (Scrub) * Poor or Un even gloss * Skin Formation * Settling * Poor Drying * Roller Marks/Stipple * Sagging/Curtaining * Shriveling or wrinkling * Yellowing * Poor Alkali Resistance * Blistering * Mould * Bitty Film SALES PROMOTION Sales promotion is also a very important promotional tool used by Dulux in which different short term and long term incentive schemes are offered to the dealers. Sometimes the company provides the dealers with extra discount if they sell upto or more than a target amount preciously decided. Now Dealers are also given small incentives like T-shirt, wall clocks, folders, brochures, pen holders etc in return of the sales promotion. Dulux paint pad: Painting walls just got easier with dulux . the pigment pusher has just unwrapped the paint pod,a device that pumps paint directtly to a roller attachment. hit the button and the paint pod,loads its roller with the correct amount of paint. t even cleansitself up when you have finishe corating,taking amere ten minutes to rinse all the paint out of its system. all it requires is its own 5 liter paint packs for this worth 100,000 rs. The machine would be given at 50% discount. the distribution of this machine would be through our establish channels. we would give these products to our dealers also;this machine can be used as affordable and easy to use. this paint pad would be available only in islamabad/ rawalpindi,lahore and karachi. Pick up yor mate: The dulux is offering free paint brush on purchasing three gallons of any dulux variant. he brush is high quality and this is given with purchase on paint . also we can give more value to this because it adds more value to the customers. Personnel selling: The ici dulux is having the prestige of using the direct channel to communicate the customers as well. the more of the decorate paint is sold to business and government markets. in this dulux will deliver the service at doorstep. the dedicated and profssional sale staff is motivated to remain in contact with business and government markets. Free Dulux Colour Advisory Service They say â€Å"for our valued customers, expert help is available through a creative colour consultancy service provided free of charge. Our colour Advisors would be available to develop innovative colour schemes to bring out the best in your home. † This is the most important promotional tool and helps to generate maximum demand. TTF (Trained task force) is a trained mobile team which  reaches at the place where construction or revocation is being done, just on a single phone call. They sometimes reach at the point of construction or renovation with our being called and give the customers free advice. Another mobile service available is the LCA ( Lady colour Advisory Service)   where innovative and creative ladies give advice about the colour scheme of the house. If the customers have any kind of problem or complaint the mobile teams are always there to help them at toll free number (0800-Dulux). Services offered: Public relations: We are going to start in future the â€Å"Paint My Life† And† Lets Colour Beautiful Homes†compaign. the aim of this compaign are to aware consumers and people about the charms of life. we will hold different festivals and concretes for this purpose. this would be mainly in elite areas of pakistan. e would hold these kinds of festivals in schools and colleges. this would give people a way of happiness and an enjoyment place for them. CONCLUSION amp; RECOMMENDATIONS: From the above all discussion I have found that ICI Paints has a lot of resources and well equipped. It is true to say that ICI Paints is Market leader and it is fully ap plying all of its resources on Quality Practices, Customer Retaining amp; Satisfaction, Research amp; Development and Environmental Control, but it needs to show some management commitment to retain its position, because one of its competitors is penetrating in the market. Raising public awareness through advertisement about the fake paint sold in the market. * Taking suitable measures whereby ICI Paints official Dealers are easily recognizable – perhaps by displaying a sign board. * Forward integration: ICI at the moment is depending on dealers for the sale of their products. These dealers store company’s products, retailers have to get ICI products from these dealers amp; then offer customers for sale. If ICI instead of depending on dealers use their own on distribution to supply products to retailers then they can increase the sales of their products by giving products to every possible retailers and in this way they can get acceptance of every retailer to get their product and offer it to customer for sale. ICI dulux should focusing on the end consumers instead of giving tokens to contractors. It believes that this will help develop long-term loyalty from its consumers resulting in repeat sales. * Backward integration: Presently ICI Pakistan is purchasing its raw material from both local as well as foreign suppliers. About 75% material is purchased from foreign countries and 25% is purchased locally. As such as huge quantity of raw material is purchased from foreign countries that’s why change in government import duties have a great impact on prices of raw material which also increase the prices of finished products. Therefore if ICI acquires local suppliers for start making its own raw material then it can save itself from such fluctuations in prices, which could result in the stabilization of prices, and customers can purchase the products at low prices. If ICI gains control over their local suppliers by ownership and take charge of their operation then a significant cost cutting is possible. After getting ownership if ICI start manufacturing all or most of the required raw material locally then they can significantly reduce the volume of import thus avoiding the heavy import duties imposed by the govt. It will result in decrease in cost of product and ICI would be able to offer its product at a relatively cheaper price.

The Importance of Being Earnest Quotes

'The Importance of Being Earnest' Quotes Oscar Wilde created one of the most delightful and memorable social comedies with The Importance of Being Earnest. First performed in 1895, the play satirizes the stiff and proper customs and institutions of Victorian England. These quotes illustrate Wildes way with words in this witty farce. Social Standing Social standing  was very important during the Victorian era. You did not have a chance to rise to the top, as you might in the U.S., through hard work and luck. If you were born to a lower class generally the poorer and less-educated in society you would remain a member of that class for life, and you were expected to know your place, as these biting quotes illustrate. Really, if the lower orders don’t set us a good example, what on earth is the use of them? - Act 1 My dear Algy, you talk exactly as if you were a dentist. It is very vulgar to talk like a dentist when one isnt a dentist. It produces a false impression...  - Act 1 Fortunately in England, at any rate, education produces no effect whatsoever. If it did, it would prove a serious danger to the upper classes, and probably lead to acts of violence in Grosvenor Square.  - Act 1 Marriage Marriage during the Victorian era was decidedly unequal. Women lost all of their rights when they entered into the marriage contract  and were forced to endure the control and cruelty of their husbands. Women fought to gain more control in the institution of marriage, but they did not gain those rights until after the end of the Victorian era. I have always been of opinion that a man who desires to get married should know either everything or nothing.  -  Act 1 An engagement should come on a young girl as a surprise, pleasant or unpleasant as the case may be. - Act 1 And certainly once a man begins to neglect his domestic duties he becomes painfully effeminate, does he not?  - Act 2 The Roles of Men and Women Like everything else in this era, men and women were expected to behave in a prim and proper manner. But, a peak under to covers so to speak shows that what men and woman thought about their roles was very different than what appeared on the surface. All women become like their mothers. That is their tragedy. No man does. Thats his. - Act 1The only way to behave to a woman is to make love to her, if she is pretty, and to some one else, if she is plain. - Act 1 London society is full of women of the very highest birth who have, of their own free choice, remained thirty-five for years.  - Act 3​​ The Importance of Being Earnest Must Victorian-era social interactions involved a dichotomy between what people said and how they acted in public and what they truly thought. The plays title and many of its quotes allude to Wildes belief that it was important to be earnest, and that truthfulness and honesty were lacking in Victorian society. Pray dont talk to me about the weather, Mr. Worthing. Whenever people talk to me about the weather, I always feel quite certain that they mean something else. And that makes me so nervous. - Act 1The truth is rarely pure and never simple. Modern life would be very tedious if it were either, and modern literature a complete impossibility! - Act 1Gwendolen, it is a terrible thing for a man to find out suddenly that all his life he has been speaking nothing but the truth. Can you forgive me? - Act 3Ive now realised for the first time in my life the vital Importance of Being Earnest. - Act 3 Study Guide Check out these other sources to help you in your studies of The Importance of Being Earnest. Review: The Importance of Being EarnestQuestions for Study DiscussionOscar Wilde Biography

A review of the key issues associated with an important practical and theoretical area related to consulting

Summary Management consulting is very important, especially in today’s business environment characterized by economic uncertainties. This report is based on transaction cost theory which provides a rationale for management consulting. This document discusses the demands made on people working in management consulting.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on A review of the key issues associated with an important practical and theoretical area related to consulting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The demand for management consulting comes from the need to help organizations and businesses in strategic development and implementation. This includes providing financial and marketing advice, improve workforce efficiency, determining organizational risks and the project implications of the organizations activities, and improving the internal operations of organizations. Introduction Management consultancy is part of b usiness consultancy that has become very important for businesses and organizations today. Both start-up and established businesses and companies require expertise in setup and development, marketing, human resource planning and management, finance, operations, market analysis, economics, environmental management, manufacturing and other daily business activities (Drucker 1979, 22). The modern business climate has made it necessary to acquire reliable feasibility appraisal. Management consulting focuses on developing strategies together with fine-tuning them to meet the needs of the individual businesses. Management consultancy firms are in demand to help organizations and businesses to transform their information systems, as well assetting up in regulatory and risk management structures. Management consultants have to understand the various business environments and different cultures found as well as the factors which influence trends in the respective cultures (Canback 1998a, 8). They also have to understand organizational cultures and complex organizational technology so as to help solve the problems experienced in the company. It is therefore necessary that they first listen and understand systems and situations before they begin advising and implementing new programs, practices or policies to achieve performance improvement. Transaction Cost Theory One theory that explains management consulting is transaction cost theory. It explains why management consulting exists,and explores the real costs of distributing resources in an imperfect global business environment with misunderstanding, misaligned goals and uncertainty.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to transaction cost theory, an organization’s costs are categorized into production and transaction costs (Bower 1982, 4). Production costs are costs associated with production activ ities including manufacturing, logistics and product development. Transaction costs are those associated with organizing the economic activities of the company. Both production and transaction costs vary with the organizational form. Transactional costs vary depending on technology and tastes, while production costs are influenced by resource allocation. Transaction costs determine an organization’s operations in the market, which is regulated by prices, and its activities within the firm, also regulated by bureaucracy (Canback 1998b, 22). The optimum of an organization’s transaction costs is reached when its additional transactions in the firm exceeds the costs of conducting the same transactions across the market. The relative level of market and internal transaction costs determines what is to be done in each sector or department in organization. The main market transaction costs include the cost of information failure, the cost of determining an organisationâ€℠¢s products and services, and the cost of creating and negotiating contracts (Kipping 2002, 34). Prime internal costs include administrative costs of establishing the cost of motivating the workforce, the cost of resource allocation, as well as, the production cost (Canback 1998b, 23). Organizations acquire the services of management consultants to achieve this optimum. Management consultants are therefore important to help organization structure perfect contracts, and reducing the possibility of individuals within the company acting out of their self-interest (Williamson 1975, 73). According to Dawkins (1989, 72) organizations can only achieve credible and responsible behavior when their activities and operations are sustained by enforceable commitments since individuals can break agreements to serve their self-interest.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on A review of the key issues associated with an important practical and theoretical area related to consultin g specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Demand for management consulting services Management consulting involves the preparation as well as the delivery of business planning services. There is real demand on consultants to add value to businesses and companies (Frame 1994, 8). Management consulting firms must have across-the-board expertise in numerous areas into a singular solution for that particular business which requires market-focused, realistic plus impartial advice. Emotional intelligence is particularly essential in consultancy considering that the work done by consultants involves interacting with people. Management consultantsare involved in offering solutions to business-related problems and therefore must engage with people on a daily basis. Thus, they have to be outgoing and have the drive to help companies and businesses prosper. The expert or firm should be able to provide services to small business start-ups to enable them meet their needs, as well as to medium companies and global companies which are expanding into new markets. They should be able to provide business planning services such as feasibility studies, operational and financial planning, options appraisal, due diligence and market analysis (Block 2001, 147). Management consulting firms/experts are also expected to work closely with the businesses/organizations to which they provide services in putting plans into action to enable them meet their goals. This implies that they have to work alongside the management teams of these organizations while filling various roles, which may include being trainer, client liaison, writer, analyzer and speaker (Buono 2001, 27). Within the consultancy team, there needs to be experts in various forms industry and business fields. Today, many businesses and organizations retain the services of consultants to help them diagnose and analyse existing organizational problems in addition to developing plans for improvement. Consultants are aware of an industry’s best practices and can transfer such practices to organizations which need them to improve their performance. This is as a result of their exposure to as well as relationships with several organizations. During the consultancy, the consultants need to help the organization/business evolve its plans to adapt to unpredicted economic circumstances which may include changes in the market (Clark Fincham 2002, 55). Consultants have to focus on areas and ways which can enable the company reduce costs by making them more efficient and effective.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, there is much demand from the management consultants to improve and re-engineer businesses so as to help them to overcome downturns and recessions successfully. Management consultants have broad knowledge and solid experience as regards planning the optimal marketing mix. They have to help their clients design marketing strategies that gives them a competitive edge over their competitors. Businesses need to have the right marketing mix to leverage their product success rates in the marketing, and achieve customer and brand equity, customer satisfaction and loyalty. Businesses also want to know how they can expand their markets, as well astheir chances of success should they decide to expand their markets (Davenport Prusak 2005, 309). Consultants have to do a lot more work to help companies expand markets overseas. They have to offer strategic advice to companies planning to enter or are entering new markets. The primary responsibility of consultants is to analyse and determine the level of risks of business ventures, as well as make educated projections regarding the long-term benefits of the organization’s practices and policies (Davenport Smith 2000, 291). Consultants must have the skills required to put into practice the necessary changes. This means that the consultants have to help the company/business develop written material which includes policies and plans, and give directions to the business by training and educating the organization/business employees on the new procedures and practices. Management consultants have to offer strategic advice to companies/businesses on project-by-project basis. This may include programs like reorganization of a firm’s structure or rationalization of products and services offered by the firm (Hilpern 2010). Management consultants have to offer advice to corporations which are integrating acquisitions and reduce costs along international supply chain. They offer solutions together with effective and practical implementation strategies of that solution. They have to help their clients prepare for change and managing change to attain sustainable success by developing strategies which improve operational efficiency and productivity, as well as, helping them strengthen their relationships with other businesses, partners, clients and suppliers (Turner 1982, 123). There is more demand on management consultants to project the implications of an organization’s operation within an industry or in competitive contexts (Bessant Rush 1995, 109). Consultants enable firms to continue with their normal business operations as they create links in the supply chain. For businesses to be successful, their managers have to recognize potential partners and key areas of expansion, and then implement strategic plans which focus on improving positioning, as well as increasing transparency throughout the relationship networks. This means that consultants should be able to analyze and have knowle dge of interrelationships which includes relationships between people, technology and processes so as to help organizations identify and attain operational, financial, competitive, as well as, relational goals. Management consultants also assist organizations to build new business capabilities in addition to integrating them so that the business can continue with minimal interference. Another demand made on management consultants is helping companies achieve more lenient and efficient use of human resources. They offer a range of advice to firms and businesses including job enrichment, personnel policy, human resource support programs such as training and development, recruitment, implementation of human resource planning systems like ERP among other operations and programs (Stryker 1954, 86). Management consultants have to make their services attractive to businesses and organizations. This implies that they have to adopt a Project Portfolio Management (PPM) strategy to human resou rce management so that they can better understand, as well as anticipate, the needs of organization that they are servicing, then identify the positions and skills which are required to meet the needs of the company. Organizations need management consultants who can place best personnel in the most strategic positions as well as excellent performers in support positions. This allows companies and businesses to align the skills of its employees with their needs (Den Hertog, 2000, 508). They also have to help their clients efficiently allocate their staff to various simultaneous projects while ensuring that the organizations meet their current client demands as they anticipate future demands. Management consultants also offer capacity/utilization analysis for organizations against their current and future personnel demand. They have to determine whether the organizations have the right number of executives or managers as well as supporting staff/positions and resources so as to allow them identify gaps and surpluses within their human resource. They have to advise their clients on emerging business patterns which could include shifting patterns, trends that require new practice to lead to higher profits, demand for new skills, values in forecasts, as well as, influx of business in a new sector (Fornbrun Nevins 2004, 86). This enables organizations understand when to rightsize,whom to layoff when that time comes and when to outsource a project or workforce. With increasing uncertainties in the business environment, there is more demand for management consultants to offer services to executives and managers in planning for hypothetical scenarios and determining the projected results. The projected outcomes help managers save time and increase their visibility into their business ventures commitments, as well as, budget goals (Schon 1983, 133-134). More is demanded from management consultants who offer financial advice and guidance. They have to guide businesses/co mpanies on issues like putting in place of budgetary control systems and profit planning (Williamson 1975, 76). Management consultant have to support small business, start-ups, private corporate companies and publicly listed companies to achieve optimal financing structures by helping them make critical financial decisions concerning the right mixture of equity plus debt. Management consultancy firms are on demand to help firms and businesses improve their performance by transforming business intelligence, operations, and making financial transformations including cash management, cost optimization, working capital and revenue enhancement. Conclusion Transaction cost theory attempts to explain the issue of management. Not only does it offer an explanation as to why management, exists, but the theory also examines the real cost of distributing resources within an organisation in an efficient manner. This is especially important in an imperfect business environment where misaligned go als, misunderstandings and uncertainty prevail. The theory also categorises an organisation’s cots into transaction cost and production cost. The two types of costs differ from one organisation to another. Whereas production costs are associated with such production activities as logistics, manufacturing and product development, on the other hand, transaction costs are the costs associated with a company’s economic activities. In this case, transaction costs determine the operations of an organisation in the market. The main market transaction cost include the cost of determining an organisation’s products and services, administrative costs to motivate the workforce, and the cost of resource allocation. There is a real demand for management consulting services to add value to businesses. Management consulting firms ought to have enough experts across the board. This way, the consulting firm is able to provide services to start-ups, medium-level companies, and gl obal firms as well. There is a need therefore for management consulting firms to work closely with their clients in order to help them achieve their goals. Business consultants are charged with the responsibility of analysing and determining the level of risks of business ventures and making educated projections regarding the long-term benefits of the firm’s policies and practices. In addition, management consultants also provide strategic advice to businesses on a project-by-project basis. They help clients to prepare for change and manage change for sustainable development. There is a rising demand for management consulting firms to project the implications of an organisation’s operations within an industry or in the context of competition. Management consultants also provide their clients with capacity analysis against their current and future demands for human resources. There is a dire need for management consulting firms to guide businesses on such issues as prof it planning and implementing of budgetary control systems. Moreover, companies rely on management consulting firms to help them improve their business performance by transforming their operations, optimizing their financial costs, and embracing the concept of business intelligence. Reference List Bessant, J., Rush, H., 1995, Building bridges for innovation: the role of consultants in technology transfer. Research Policy, 24: 97-114. Block, P., 2001, Flawless consulting: a guide to getting your expertise used, 2nd Edition. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer. p., 147. Bower, M. 1982. The forces that launched management consulting are still at work. Journal of Management Consulting 1 (1): 4–6. Buono, A. F., 2001, Current trends in management consulting. Oxford: Information Age Publishing. p. 27. Canback, S., 1998a, The logic of management consulting, Part 1. Journal of Management Consulting 10 (2): 3–11. Canback, S., 1998b, Transaction cost theory and management consult ing: Why do management consultants exist?, Working Paper 9810002. Henley-on-Thames: Henley Management College. pp. 20-24. Clark, T., Fincham, E., (eds) 2002, Critical consulting: new perspectives on the management advice industry, Blackwell, Oxford. P. 55. Davenport, T. H., Prusak, L., 2005, Knowledge management in consulting. In Greiner, L., Poulfelt, F., (eds), The contemporary consultant: handbook of management consulting: insights from world experts. Mason, OH: Thomson-South Western. pp. 305–326. Davenport, T Smith, D 2000, Managing knowledge in professional service firms. In Cortada, J., Woods, J., (eds), The knowledge management yearbook 2000–2001. Butterworth, Woburn, MA, pp. 284–299. Dawkins, R. 1989. The selfish gene. 2nded. New York: Oxford University Press. p 73. Den Hertog, P., 2000, Knowledge-intensive business services as co-producers of innovation.International Journal of Innovation Management, 4 (4): 491–528. Drucker, P. F., 1979, Why Ma nagement Consultants? In Melvin, Z., Greenwood, R. G., The evolving science of management. New York: AMACOM. Fornbrun, C., Nevins, M., 2004, The advice business: Essential tools and models for management consulting. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Frame, J. D., 1994, The new project management: The new business environment and the need for a new project management: San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. pp. 1–16. Hilpern, K., 2010, Management consultancy: Why talented people are back in demand. The Independent. Web. Kipping, M., 2002, Trapped in their wave: The evolution of management consultancies. In Clark, T., Fincham, R., (eds.). Critical Consulting: New Perspectives on the Management Advice Industry. Oxford: Blackwell, 28-49. Stryker, P., 1954, The ambitious consultants. Fortune, May, 82–88. Schon, D., 1983, The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. London: Temple Smith. pp. 133-134. Turner, A. N., 1982, Consulting is more than giving advice. Harvard Business Review 60(5): 120-129. Williamson, O. E., 1975, Markets and hierarchies: Analysis and antitrust implications. New York: Free Press. p. 73-76. This report on A review of the key issues associated with an important practical and theoretical area related to consulting was written and submitted by user Wolver-dok to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

America First Hand Essays - Literature, United States, Free Essays

America First Hand Essays - Literature, United States, Free Essays America First Hand America First Hand. Robert D. Marcus and David Burner. Beacon Press, 1987, 223 pgs. The beginning of the colonial period was full of troubles. America First Hand, by Robert D. Marcus and David Burner is written in distinct detail about several accounts by American colonists that are written and relay what it was like in the colonies during the first couple decades. The accounts describe how teenagers, men, and women, all in their own way, questioned society, religion, and government in order to improve themselves and have their own effects on a changing county. Marcus and Burner compare and contrast religious, political, and social issues that were dealt with during the early 1800s. The authors examined the experiences of Hetty Shepard, Ben Franklin, and Eliza Pickeny. Three Americans from very different backgrounds who all had thoughts, actions, and ideas to better themselves and hopefully better their fellow man and society. They show that people should try to better themselves based on his or her own opinions and ideas rather than rely on those of others. Miss Hetty Shepard was a Puritan girl living in New England at the height of colonization and had trouble with the Indians. She recorded a diary to describe the days as they went by. Also along with her daily acknowledgements, Hetty reveals private thoughts and inquires that show her doubts and questions concerning her strict Puritan beliefs. Marcus and Burner show passages from a diary written by Hetty Shepard about what some may call the rebellious mind of young woman. Based on her writings, others may call her the beginning of the independent, or republican, women. Men of the colonial time period did not have it much easier than women. Inventor, philosopher, printer, and ladies man extraordinary Ben Franklin was also considered. He was a writer/printer from Philadelphia, and a person who was interested in the science of humanity. Franklin in the midst of the Age of Enlightenment, was a man concerned with his own personal perfection. Eliza Pinckney, A Republican Women, was an extraordinary woman of the colonial south. There were many photographs of Eliza Pinckney placed on pages 123-128. Throughout her life she knew how to fend for herself. She was educated and cultured; she took on the responsibilities of running several plantations, as well as the responsibility of raising two children on her own through long distance correspondence. She was in every meaning of the word, independent. All three of these people, Hetty Shepard, Ben Franklin, and Eliza Pinckney began their ways by suppressing their natural thoughts, impulses, and emotions in order to fulfill the requirement society expected of them. America First Hand teaches a lesson because eventually they all came to realize that the way to better them was to do what was best for them and their situation. These three people are examples of what makes America a great country of independence. They show that you dont have to believe what you are told, and that you should do what is best for you as you see it. They show that no matter your age, sex, background, or creed, you can think for yourself and help to mold our still and ever-changing country. The material that the authors present is well organized and easy to understand. I would recommend it to anyone interested in learning about how others viewed us becoming an independent nation during the 1800s.

Political broadside detailing your objections to new Constitution Assignment

Political broadside detailing your objections to new Constitution - Assignment Example A state should be allowed to ratify a proposed federal constitutional amendment. The process of ratification may be very complex when it comes to being practiced all over the country, but in a state scenario, the ratification convention method is a bit less complex in comparison. The new constitution was suggested when the war was over, and the United states was said to be one of the sovereign states that has in place a weak central government. The new constitution proposes a bicameral legislature. This is a legislative branch that comprises of two chambers. Here, each state would represented depending on the number of inhabitants that exist in their state. This meant that large states would have more representatives than small states. The constitution also stated that the members of the legislature would be elected by the citizens, and the executive selected by the legislative branch. The terms of office in the constitution were not specified (Kelly, 2005). Ratification of the constitution would give only one political party the authority to suppress the rights of the minority. This would not be fair to the minority groups in several states that have a greater population of minorities than other states. The constitution would also allow the larger states to rule over the smaller states in situations of democratic responsiveness not only at the state level, but also at the national level. According to the new constitution, the number of representatives in the legislature is dependent on the inhabitants. Larger states would, therefore, have more representation in the legislature as compared to the smaller states. The constitution is, therefore, set up in a particular way whereby, the larger states get to dominate. This brings about the strong need for an amendment of such a proposed constitution. Every state needs to have equal representation in the